[ted id=788]

Developers that embed structured data in their web pages can choose among a number of languages such as RDFa, Microformats and Microdata. Each of these structured data languages, while incompatible at the syntax level, can be easily mapped to Rdf. Json has proven to be a highly useful object serialization and messaging replacement for Soap.
In an attempt to harmonize the representation of Link Data in Json, this specification outlines a common Json representation format for Linked Data that can be used to represent objects specified via RDFa, Microformats and Microdata.

There is currently some discussion going on in the RDFa Community on this markup mechanism (start of thread).
A great amount of effort was made to ensure that the markup mechanism was compatible with Microformats.

Internet changed the music industry. At first, sharing systems like Napster allowed people to share any song they had on their computer with millions other people. That new reality changed the music industry’s landscape for good, and many juridical battles followed. However, a biggest change followed a couple of years later. Communities like MySpace started to appear. Strong of millions of regular users, such communities helped garage bands and obscure musicians to create their musical niche: the longtail of the music industry. This second change is more profound than the first one: now any musician has the possibility to reach their audience by sharing their work on the Web. In the mean time, a free database called MusicBrainz archiving million of between artists, albums and tracks appeared; music suggesting services like Pandora or Last.FM started to appear and Apple started to sell individual tracks at 1$ with iTunes.
At that point, the music industry of the eighties leaded by blockbusters was completely changed.

The Music Ontology is an attempt to provide a vocabulary for linking a wide range music-related information, and to provide a democratic mechanism for doing so. Anybody can publish Music Ontology data and link it with existing data, in order to help create a music-related web of data. For example, John Doe may publish some information about a performance he saw last night (like the fact that he was there, and a review). Mary Doe may publish the fact that she attended the same performance, that she recorded it using her cell-phone, and that the corresponding item is available in her podcast. The Music Ontology provides a vocabulary to express information ranging from this example to:

• In this performance was interpreted a particular arrangement of the Trout Quintet by Franz Schubert.
• This work was performed ten times, but only two of these performances were recorded.
• Ten takes of this particular track have been recorded, each of which with a particular microphone location.
• Come as You Are by Nirvana was released on a single and the Nevermind album.
• During this gig, the band played ten songs. During the last one (a cover of Eight days a week), the drummer from the support band joined them to play with them.

The Music Ontology is divided in three levels of expressiveness – from the simplest one to the more complex one. Everything is clustered around the following categories:

• Level 1: aims at providing a vocabulary for simple editorial information (tracks/artists/releases, etc.)
• Level 2: aims at providing a vocabulary for expressing the music creation workflow (composition, arrangement, performance, recording, etc.)
• Level 3: aims at providing a vocabulary for complex event decomposition, to express, for example, what happened during a particular performance, what is the melody line of a particular work, etc.

Links

• Music Ontology
• Music Ontology RDFa representation

It could be very useful for marketing  and communication strategies, especially for aggregation or search of touristic offers, and for personal uses, like sharing with friends, integration in your personal calendar, photo album or to do list, in interactive touristic guides or with gps software.

A first application of this future standard could be in responsible tourism and international volunteering, helping people in their choice.

The software widget presented in this paper is a first attempt at providing end-users with a means to navigate an IEML space both for content annotation (USL notation) and for content navigation through their semantics. It was first presented at IEML’s international seminar in Ottawa on May 2d, 2009.

2009

• Candide Kemmler, An IEML dictionary powered semantic navigation widget
• Pierre Lévy, From Social Computing to Reflexive Collective Intelligence
• Samuel Szoniecky, Les perspectives du tagging sémantique (in French)

2008

• Pierre Lévy, Algebraic Structure of IEML Semantic Space
• Pierre Lévy, La mutation inachevée de la sphère publique (in French)
• Pierre Lévy, IEML, bilan et perspectives (in French)
• Michel Biezunski and Steve Newcomb, Binary IEML
• Pierre Lévy, Internet, de quel séisme parle-t-on? (in French)
• Andrew Roczniak, IEML Initiative Service Oriented Architecture
• Pierre Lévy, Architecture of a Semantic Networking Language

2007

• Pierre Lévy, IEML Syntax
• Pierre Lévy, société du savoir et développement humain (in French)
• Pierre Lévy, l’intelligence possible du XXIème siècle (in French)
• Michel Biezunski and Steve Newcomb, Vers un Protocole de l’Intelligence Collective (in English)

2006

• Pierre Lévy, L’initiative IEML et les fondements de la sémantique computationnelle (in French)
• Pierre Lévy, IEML : Métalangage de l’économie de l’information (in French)
• Pierre Lévy, Un programme de recherche pour l’économie de l’information (in French)
• Daniel Memmi, Le modèle vectoriel pour le traitement de documents (in French)
• Pierre Lévy, Interprétation des chiffres sémantiques (in English)
• Pierre Lévy, Séries, arbres et matrices sémantiques (in English)
• Pierre Lévy, with the help of Andrew Roczniak, Formal Representation of the Information Economy Meta Language : IEML (in English)

A new version of the basic text on Ieml by Andrew Roczniak, Christian Desjardins, Candide Kemmler, Michel Biezunski, Steve Newcomb and Samuel Szoniecky.

To read the full text, download Ieml Definitions Pdf »

Abstract

• Andrew Roczniak, Receive “your” information from any Web 2.0 site that uses tags;
• Christian Desjardins, Ieml makes the implicit, explicit;
• Candide Kemmler, Ieml is a bridging technology for humans to collaborate accross disciplinary boundaries and language barriers;
• Michel Biezunski, Ieml is like a map representing all semantics of the world;
• Steve Newcomb, Ieml research program wants to answer this question: “How can organizations and civilizations look into a kind of mirror, and see themselves accurately?”;
• Samuel Szoniecky, Thank to Ieml, we can not only model meaning but also the mechanisms that process meaning;
• Disclosure: the authors of the following short texts are all involved in Ieml research.

Download Ieml Definitions Pdf »

To filter by CC search, go to Google’s advanced Image Search page and select the options you’d like in the “Usage rights” section. Your results will be restricted to images marked with CC licenses or other compatibly licensed photos. Differently from Yahoo!, Google searches the whole web, not only Flickr.

Remember, Google can only provide search results that its algorithms find tagged with the license you specify; it is your obligation to verify the license of the image you’re using and make sure you’re conforming to its guidelines.

This is a huge step forward for the future of image search on the web, so congratulations to the Google team on another great CC implementation!

I think it can be improved and these are my suggestions.

• Website license: the administrator can choose a general license for the whole website, in “Settings > Writing” page. The plugin adds an explicative xhtml text template in the footer, specifying that this license is the default license that can be different for each post, if noted: “Except where otherwise <a href=”http://[for example, a credits page]“>noted</a>, content on this site is licensed under a [full name of the license]”; the user can modify this template (for example “<p>© 2007 by Lorenzo De Tomasi. Except where otherwise <a href=”http://[for example, a credits page]“>noted</a>, text only content on this site is licensed under a [full_name_of_the_license] <br />[license_button]</p>”;
• User preferred license: each registered WordPress user, in his profile page, can specify its preferred license, that overwirtes the blog license and can be overwrited by the post license.
• Post/page license: the post/page author can choose a specific license for a specific post/page. When you install the plugin, it automatically adds in each “Write post” and “Write page”page a box where you can choose the specific license for the single post, answering to the three simple questions you can find in wp-license options;
• the specific text before the license button can be added and modified in each post, for example “All images in this post are property of Matteo Bedendo. Text only content of this post is licensed under a [full name of the license]”;
• add license property in TheLoop, for displaying the license for each post in archives, category pages etc.

The translated version will be published on this website under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non commercial – Share alike.
The printable version (pdf) and the printed edition will be sold online at a fair price.

The work is long and complex. If you want, you can contribute, collaborating actively or donating by PayPal. If you are a society you can also buy a space for advertising in the paper or on this website and become a sponsor.

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